Fumaroles are openings in the ground which emit volcanic gases like carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and water vapour escape. They are common near the active vent of a volcano (crater and/or dome), but they can often also be found further away on the flanks of volcanoes. Changes in the temperature and composition of fumaroles are an important indicator for processes in the volcano’s interior, therefore it is important to monitor and regularly sample them.
Fumaroles at Galway's in 2015. Credit: Karen Pascal.
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